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Running time 119 minutes Country United States Language English Budget $839,727 Box office $1.6 million (1991 re-release) Citizen Kane is a 1941 American by, its producer, co-screenwriter, director and star. The picture was Welles's.

Nominated for in nine categories, it won an by and Welles. Considered by many critics, filmmakers, and fans to be the, Citizen Kane was voted as such in five consecutive polls of critics, until it was displaced by in the 2012 poll. It topped the 's list in 1998, as well as its. Citizen Kane is particularly praised for its cinematography, music, editing and narrative structure, which have been considered innovative and precedent-setting. The examines the life and legacy of, played by Welles, a character based in part upon the American newspaper magnate, Chicago tycoons and, and aspects of Welles's own life.

Upon its release, Hearst prohibited mention of the film in any of his newspapers. Kane's career in the publishing world is born of idealistic social service, but gradually evolves into a ruthless pursuit of power. Narrated principally through, the story is told through the research of a reporter seeking to solve the mystery of the newspaper magnate's dying word: 'Rosebud'. After the successes of Welles's and the controversial 1938 radio broadcast ' on, Welles was courted by Hollywood.

He signed a contract with in 1939. Unusually for an untried director, he was given the freedom to develop his own story, to use his own cast and crew, and to have.

Following two abortive attempts to get a project off the ground, he wrote the, collaborating on the effort with Herman Mankiewicz. Principal photography took place in 1940 and the film received its American release in 1941. While a critical success, Citizen Kane failed to recoup its costs at the box office. The film faded from view after its release but was subsequently returned to the public's attention when it was praised by such French critics as and given an American revival in 1956. The film was released on on September 13, 2011, for a special 70th anniversary edition. The affair between Kane and Susan Alexander is exposed by his political opponent, Boss Jim W. Gettys In a mansion in, a vast palatial estate in Florida, the elderly is on his deathbed.

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Holding a, he utters a word, 'Rosebud', and dies; the globe slips from his hand and smashes on the floor. A obituary tells the life story of Kane, an enormously wealthy newspaper publisher. Kane's death becomes sensational news around the world, and the newsreel's producer tasks reporter Jerry Thompson with discovering the meaning of 'Rosebud'. Thompson sets out to interview Kane's friends and associates.

He approaches Kane's second wife, Susan Alexander Kane, now an who runs her own nightclub, but she refuses to talk to him. Thompson goes to the private archive of the late banker Walter Parks Thatcher. Through Thatcher's written memoirs, Thompson learns that Kane's childhood began in poverty in Colorado. In 1871, after a gold mine is discovered on her property, Kane's mother Mary Kane sends Charles away to live with Thatcher so that he would be properly educated. It is also implied that Kane's father could be violent towards his son and that is another reason she would like to send him away.

While Thatcher and Charles' parents discuss arrangements inside, the young Kane plays happily with a sled in the snow outside his parents' boarding-house and protests being sent to live with Thatcher. Furious at the prospect of exile from his own family to live with a man he does not know, the boy strikes Thatcher with his sled and attempts to run away. Years later, after gaining full control over his trust fund at the age of 25, Kane enters the newspaper business and embarks on a career of. He takes control of the New York Inquirer and starts publishing scandalous articles that attack Thatcher's business interests. After the stock market crash in 1929, Kane is forced to sell controlling interest of his newspaper empire to Thatcher. Back in the present, Thompson interviews Kane's personal business manager, Mr. Bernstein recalls how Kane hired the best journalists available to build the Inquirer 's circulation.

Kane rose to power by successfully manipulating public opinion regarding the and marrying Emily Norton, the niece of a President of the United States. Thompson interviews Kane's estranged best friend, Jedediah Leland, in a.

Leland recalls how Kane's marriage to Emily disintegrates more and more over the years, and he begins an affair with amateur singer Susan Alexander while he is running for. Both his wife and his political opponent discover the affair and the ends his political career. Kane marries Susan and forces her into a humiliating operatic career for which she has neither the talent nor the ambition. Back in the present, Susan now consents to an interview with Thompson, and recalls her failed opera career. Kane finally allows her to abandon her singing career after she attempts suicide.

Exercises

After years spent dominated by Kane and living in isolation at Xanadu, Susan leaves Kane. Kane's butler Raymond recounts that, after Susan leaves him, Kane begins violently destroying the contents of her bedroom. He suddenly calms down when he sees a snow globe and says, 'Rosebud'. Back at Xanadu, Kane's belongings are being cataloged or discarded.

Thompson concludes that he is unable to solve the mystery and that the meaning of Kane's last word will forever remain an enigma. As the film ends, the camera reveals that 'Rosebud' is the trade name of the on which the eight-year-old Kane was playing on the day that he was taken from his home in Colorado. Thought to be junk by Xanadu's staff, the sled is burned in a furnace. Ray Collins, Dorothy Comingore, Orson Welles and The beginning of the film's ending credits state that 'Most of the principal actors in Citizen Kane are new to motion pictures. The is proud to introduce them.' The cast is listed in the following order:.

as, Kane's best friend and a reporter for The Inquirer. Cotten also appears (hidden in darkness) in the News on the March screening room. as, Kane's mistress and second wife.

as Mary Kane, Kane's mother. as Emily Monroe Norton Kane, Kane's first wife. as, Kane's political rival and the incumbent governor of New York. as Herbert Carter, editor of The Inquirer. Sanford also appears (hidden in darkness) in the News on the March screening room.

Bernstein, Kane's friend and employee at The Inquirer. as Jerry Thompson, a reporter for News on the March. Alland also voices the narrator of the News on the March newsreel. as Raymond, Kane's butler. as Walter Parks Thatcher, a banker who becomes Kane's legal guardian. as Signor Matiste, vocal coach of Susan Alexander Kane.

as John, headwaiter at the El Rancho nightclub. Schilling also appears (hidden in darkness) in the News on the March screening room. Rawlston, News on the March producer. as Bertha Anderson, attendant at the library of Walter Parks Thatcher.

as Jim Kane, Kane's father. as Charles Foster Kane III, Kane's son. as, age eight. as Charles Foster Kane, a wealthy newspaper publisher.

Additionally, appears as the entertainer at the head of the chorus line in the Inquirer party sequence,: 40–41 and cinematographer makes a as an interviewer depicted in part of the News on the March newsreel. Actor makes a cameo appearance as a reporter smoking a pipe at the end of the film. Pre-production Development. Welles's 1938 radio broadcast of ' caught the attention of Hollywood had shown interest in Welles as early as 1936.: 40 He turned down three scripts sent to him by In 1937, he declined offers from, who asked him to head his film company's story department, and, who wanted him for a supporting role in. 'Although the possibility of making huge amounts of money in Hollywood greatly attracted him,' wrote biographer Frank Brady, 'he was still totally, hopelessly, insanely in love with the theater, and it is there that he had every intention of remaining to make his mark.' Orson Welles at his Hollywood home in 1939, during the long months it took to launch his first film project Welles spent the first five months of his RKO contract trying to get his first project going, without success.

'They are laying bets over on the RKO lot that the Orson Welles deal will end up without Orson ever doing a picture there,' wrote.: 15 It was agreed that Welles would film, previously adapted for The Mercury Theatre on the Air, which would be presented entirely through a. After elaborate pre-production and a day of test shooting with a hand-held camera—unheard of at the time—the project never reached production because Welles was unable to trim $50,000 from its budget.: 30–31 Schaefer told Welles that the $500,000 budget could not be exceeded; as war loomed, revenue was declining sharply in Europe by the fall of 1939.: 215–216 He then started work on the idea that became Citizen Kane. Knowing the script would take time to prepare, Welles suggested to RKO that while that was being done—'so the year wouldn't be lost'—he make a humorous political thriller. Welles proposed The Smiler with a Knife, from a novel by.: 33–34 When that project stalled in December 1939, Welles began brainstorming other story ideas with screenwriter, who had been writing Mercury radio scripts. 'Arguing, inventing, discarding, these two powerful, headstrong, dazzlingly articulate personalities thrashed toward Kane', wrote biographer.: 245–246 Screenplay.

Hearst was disturbed by the film's supposed depiction of, but Welles always denied that Susan Alexander Kane was based on Davies. Welles never confirmed a principal source for the character of. Houseman wrote that Kane is a of different personalities, with Hearst's life used as the main source. Some events and details were invented,: 444 and Houseman wrote that he and Mankiewicz also 'grafted anecdotes from other giants of journalism, including, and Mank's first boss,.'

: 444 Welles said, 'Mr. The was an independent company founded by Orson Welles and John Houseman in 1937.

The company produced theatrical presentations, radio programs, films, and phonographic recordings. Citizen Kane was a rare film in that its principal roles were played by actors new to motion pictures. Ten were billed as Mercury Actors, members of the skilled repertory company assembled by Welles for the stage and radio performances of the Mercury Theatre, an independent theater company he founded with Houseman in 1937.: 119–120 'He loved to use the Mercury players,' wrote biographer Charles Higham, 'and consequently he launched several of them on movie careers.' : 155 The film represents the feature film debuts of, and Welles himself.

Despite never having appeared in feature films, some of the cast members were already well known to the public. Cotten had recently become a Broadway star in the hit play with: 187 and Sloane was well known for his role on the radio show.: 187 Mercury actor was a star of the stage in New York and London. Not all of the cast came from the Mercury Players. Welles cast, an actress who played supporting parts in films since 1934 using the name 'Linda Winters', as Susan Alexander Kane.

A discovery of, Comingore was recommended to Welles by Chaplin,: 170 who then met Comingore at a party in Los Angeles and immediately cast her.: 44 Welles had met stage actress while visiting New York on a break from Hollywood and remembered her as a good fit for Emily Norton Kane,: 188 later saying that she looked the part.: 169 Warrick told Carringer that she was struck by the extraordinary resemblance between herself and Welles's mother when she saw a photograph of Beatrice Ives Welles. She characterized her own personal relationship with Welles as motherly.: 14 'He trained us for films at the same time that he was training himself,' recalled Agnes Moorehead. 'Orson believed in good acting, and he realized that rehearsals were needed to get the most from his actors. That was something new in Hollywood: nobody seemed interested in bringing in a group to rehearse before scenes were shot.

But Orson knew it was necessary, and we rehearsed every sequence before it was shot.' : 9 When The March of Time narrator asked for $25,000 to narrate the News on the March sequence, Alland demonstrated his ability to imitate Van Voorhis and Welles cast him. Welles later said that casting character actor in the small part of the waiter at the El Rancho broke his heart. Corrado had appeared in many Hollywood films, often as a waiter, and Welles wanted all of the actors to be new to films.: 171 Other uncredited roles went to as in the faux newsreel; as Hillman, a man at Madison Square Garden, and a man in the News on the March screening room; and, and as reporters at Xanadu. When Kathryn Trosper Popper died on March 6, 2016, at the age of 100 she was reported to be the last surviving actor to appear in Citizen Kane. Jean Forward, a soprano who dubbed the singing voice of Susan Alexander, was the last surviving performer from the film before her death in 2016.

Warrick was the last surviving member of the principal cast at the time of her death in 2005., who played Kane's young son, was the last surviving credited cast member of Citizen Kane when he died in 2007. Sound stage entrance, as seen in the Production advisor Miriam Geiger quickly compiled a handmade film textbook for Welles, a practical reference book of film techniques that he studied carefully. He then taught himself filmmaking by matching its visual vocabulary to, which he ordered from the Museum of Modern Art,: 173 and films by,: 1172: 1171 and.: 209 The one film he genuinely studied was 's,: 29 which he watched 40 times. 'As it turned out, the first day I ever walked onto a set was my first day as a director,' Welles said.

'I'd learned whatever I knew in the projection room—from Ford. After dinner every night for about a month, I'd run Stagecoach, often with some different technician or department head from the studio, and ask questions. 'How was this done?'

'Why was this done?' It was like going to school.'

: 29 Welles's cinematographer for the film was, described by Welles as 'just then, the number-one cameraman in the world.' To Welles's astonishment, Toland visited him at his office and said, 'I want you to use me on your picture.' He had seen some of the Mercury stage productions (including: 66) and said he wanted to work with someone who had never made a movie.: 59 RKO hired Toland on loan from: 10 in the first week of June 1940.: 40 'And he never tried to impress us that he was doing any miracles,' Welles recalled. 'I was calling for things only a beginner would have been ignorant enough to think anybody could ever do, and there he was, doing them.' Cinematographer wanted to work with Welles for the opportunity of trying experimental camera techniques that other films did not allow.

On June 29, 1940—a Saturday morning when few inquisitive studio executives would be around—Welles began filming Citizen Kane.: 69: 107 After the disappointment of having Heart of Darkness cancelled,: 30–31 Welles followed Ferguson's suggestion: 57 and deceived RKO into believing that he was simply shooting. 'But we were shooting the picture,' Welles said, 'because we wanted to get started and be already into it before anybody knew about it.' : 57 At the time RKO executives were pressuring him to agree to direct a film called The Men from Mars, to capitalize on 'The War of the Worlds' radio broadcast. Welles said that he would consider making the project but wanted to make a different film first.

Welles fell ten feet while shooting the scene in which Kane shouts at the departing Boss Jim W. Gettys; his injuries required him to direct from a wheelchair for two weeks.

Welles usually worked 16 to 18 hours a day on the film. He often began work at 4 a.m.

Since the special effects make-up used to age him for certain scenes took up to four hours to apply. Welles used this time to discuss the day's shooting with Toland and other crew members. The special contact lenses used to make Welles look elderly proved very painful, and a doctor was employed to place them into Welles's eyes. Welles had difficulty seeing clearly while wearing them, which caused him to badly cut his wrist when shooting the scene in which Kane breaks up the furniture in Susan's bedroom. Welles placed Toland's credit with his own to acknowledge the cinematographer's contributions. The most innovative technical aspect of Citizen Kane is the extended use of. In nearly every scene in the film, the foreground, background and everything in between are all in sharp focus.

Cinematographer Toland did this through his experimentation with lenses and lighting. Toland described the achievement, made possible by the sensitivity of modern speed film, in an article for magazine: New developments in the science of motion picture photography are not abundant at this advanced stage of the game but periodically one is perfected to make this a greater art. Of these I am in an excellent position to discuss what is termed 'Pan-focus', as I have been active for two years in its development and used it for the first time in Citizen Kane.

Through its use, it is possible to photograph action from a range of eighteen inches from the camera lens to over two hundred feet away, with extreme foreground and background figures and action both recorded in sharp relief. Hitherto, the camera had to be focused either for a close or a distant shot, all efforts to encompass both at the same time resulting in one or the other being out of focus.

This handicap necessitated the breaking up of a scene into long and short angles, with much consequent loss of realism. With pan-focus, the camera, like the human eye, sees an entire panorama at once, with everything clear and lifelike.

Treatment

Both this article and a May 1941 Life magazine article with illustrated examples helped popularize deep focus cinematography and Toland's achievements on the film.: 73 Another unorthodox method used in the film was the way were used to display a point of view facing upwards, thus allowing ceilings to be shown in the background of several scenes. Breaking with studio convention, every set was built with a ceiling —many constructed of fabric that ingeniously concealed microphones. Welles felt that the camera should show what the eyes see, and that it was a bad theatrical convention to pretend there was no ceiling—'a big lie in order to get all those terrible lights up there,' he said. He became fascinated with the look of low angles, which made even dull interiors look interesting. One extremely low angle is used to photograph the encounter between Kane and Leland after Kane loses the election. A hole was dug for the camera, which required drilling into the concrete floor.: 61–62 Welles credited Toland on the same as himself and said 'It's impossible to say how much I owe to Gregg.

He was superb.' : 59 He called Toland 'the best director of photography that ever existed.' Sound Citizen Kane 's sound was recorded by Bailey Fesler and re-recorded in post-production by audio engineer,: 85 both of whom had worked in radio.: 102 Stewart said that Hollywood films never deviated from a basic pattern of how sound could be recorded or used, but with Welles 'deviation from the pattern was possible because he demanded it.' Although the film is known for its complex soundtrack, much of the audio is heard as it was recorded by Fesler and without manipulation.: 102 Welles used techniques from radio like overlapping dialogue. The scene in which characters sing 'Oh, Mr. Kane' was especially complicated and required mixing several soundtracks together.: 104 He also used different 'sound perspectives' to create the illusion of distances,: 101 such as in scenes at Xanadu where characters speak to each other at far distances. Welles experimented with sound in post-production, creating audio montages,: 94 and chose to create all of the sound effects for the film instead of using RKO's library of sound effects.: 100 Welles used an aural technique from radio called the 'lightning-mix'.

Welles used this technique to link complex sequences via a series of related sounds or phrases. For example, Kane grows from a child into a young man in just two shots. As Thatcher hands eight-year-old Kane a sled and wishes him a Merry Christmas, the sequence suddenly jumps to a shot of Thatcher fifteen years later, completing the sentence he began in both the previous shot and the chronological past. Other radio techniques include using a number of voices, each saying a sentence or sometimes merely a fragment of a sentence, and splicing the dialogue together in quick succession, such as the projection room scene.: 413–412 The film's sound cost $16,996, but was originally budgeted at $7,288.: 105 Film critic and director wrote that 'Before Kane, nobody in Hollywood knew how to set music properly in movies.

Carol Foster Md Vertigo Treatment Handout

Kane was the first, in fact the only, great film that uses radio techniques. A lot of filmmakers know enough to follow 's advice to fill the eyes with images at all costs, but only Orson Welles understood that the sound track had to be filled in the same way.' Of The Clipper wrote 'of all of the delectable flavours that linger on the palate after seeing Kane, the use of sound is the strongest.' Kane ages convincingly in the breakfast montage, make-up artist Maurice Seiderman's tour de force.

Seiderman's tour de force, the breakfast montage, was shot all in one day. 'Twelve years, two years shot at each scene,' he said. 'Please realize, by the way, that a two-year jump in age is a bit harder to accomplish visually than one of 20 years.' : 47 As they did with art direction, the major studios gave screen credit for make-up to only the department head.

When RKO make-up department head refused to share credit with Seiderman, who was only an apprentice, Welles told Berns that there would be no make-up credit. Welles signed a large advertisement in the Los Angeles newspaper:: 22: 48 THANKS TO EVERYBODY WHO GETS SCREEN CREDIT FOR 'CITIZEN KANE' AND THANKS TO THOSE WHO DON'T TO ALL THE ACTORS, THE CREW, THE OFFICE, THE MUSICIANS, EVERYBODY AND PARTICULARLY TO MAURICE SEIDERMAN, THE BEST MAKE-UP MAN IN THE WORLD: 20 'To put this event in context, remember that I was a very low man,' Seiderman recalled. 'I wasn't even called a make-up man.

Vertigo

I had started their laboratory and developed their plastic appliances for make-up. But my salary was $25 a week. And I had no union card.'

: 48 Seiderman told Gambill that after Citizen Kane was released, Welles was invited to a White House dinner where was among the guests. Welles told her about the Russian immigrant who did the make-up for his film but could not join the union. Seiderman said the head of the union received a call from the Labor Department the next day, and in November 1941 he was a full union member.: 22: 48 Sets Although credited as an assistant, the film's art direction was done by.: 85 Welles and Ferguson got along during their collaboration.: 37 In the weeks before production began Welles, Toland and Ferguson met regularly to discuss the film and plan every shot, set design and prop. Ferguson would take notes during these discussions and create rough designs of the sets and story boards for individual shots. After Welles approved the rough sketches, Ferguson made miniature models for Welles and Toland to experiment on with a in order to rehearse and perfect each shot.

Ferguson then had detailed drawings made for the set design, including the film's lighting design. Incidental music includes the publisher's theme, 'Oh, Mr. Kane', a tune by with special lyrics by Herman Ruby. The was composed by.: 72 Herrmann had composed for Welles for his Mercury Theatre radio broadcasts.: 63 Because it was Herrmann's first motion picture score, RKO wanted to pay him only a small fee, but Welles insisted he be paid at the same rate as.: 72 The score established Herrmann as an important new composer of film soundtracks and eschewed the typical Hollywood practice of scoring a film with virtually non-stop music.

Instead Herrmann used what he later described as 'radio scoring', musical cues typically 5–15 seconds in length that bridge the action or suggest a different emotional response.: 77–78 The breakfast montage sequence begins with a graceful waltz theme and gets darker with each variation on that theme as the passage of time leads to the hardening of Kane's personality and the breakdown of his first marriage. Herrmann realized that musicians slated to play his music were hired for individual unique sessions; there was no need to write for existing ensembles.

This meant that he was free to score for unusual combinations of instruments, even instruments that are not commonly heard. In the opening sequence, for example, the tour of Kane's estate Xanadu, Herrmann introduces a recurring played by low woodwinds, including a quartet of. The recognized both Welles and for their performances in Citizen Kane (1941), which was also voted the year's best film. Citizen Kane received the for Best Picture.

The voted it Best Film of 1941, and recognized Welles and Coulouris for their performances. Citizen Kane received nine nominations at the:. –. –. – Orson Welles. –, Orson Welles.

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–. – It was widely believed the film would win most of its Oscar nominations, but it received only the award for Best Writing (Original Screenplay), shared by Welles and Mankiewicz. Variety reported that block voting by screen extras deprived Citizen Kane of Academy Awards for Best Picture and Best Actor (Welles), and similar prejudices were likely to have been responsible for the film receiving no technical awards.: 117 Legacy Citizen Kane was the only film made under Welles's original contract with RKO Pictures, which gave him complete creative control.: 223 Welles's new business manager and attorney permitted the contract to lapse. In July 1941, Welles reluctantly signed a new and less favorable deal with RKO: 223 under which he produced and directed (1942), produced (1943), and began, a film he agreed to do without payment. In the new contract Welles was an employee of the studio and lost the right to final cut, which later allowed RKO to modify and re-cut The Magnificent Ambersons over his objections.: 223 In June 1942 Schaefer resigned the presidency of RKO Pictures and Welles's contract was terminated. Release in Europe During, Citizen Kane was not seen in most European countries. It was shown in France for the first time on July 10, 1946 at the Marbeuf theatre in Paris.: 34–35 Initially most French film critics were influenced by the negative reviews of in 1945 and Georges Sadoul in 1946.: 118 At that time many French intellectuals and filmmakers shared Sartre's negative opinion that Hollywood filmmakers were uncultured.: 124 Sartre criticized the film's flashbacks for its nostalgic and romantic preoccupation with the past instead of the realities of the present and said that 'the whole film is based on a misconception of what cinema is all about.

The film is in the past tense, whereas we all know that cinema has got to be in the present tense.'

Half Somersault Maneuver Benign Paroxysmal Positional Vertigo or BPPV BPPV has been characterized as the most common form of vertigo and the “ half somersault maneuver” or otherwise described as “Foster Maneuver” has been working wonders in treating this condition. The inner ear has three semicircular canals which are interconnected by fluid pathways and have gravity sensors in them.

These are being capped by bed of crystals which may be dislodged from where they are and enter into any of the canals or other parts of the ear. When the dislodgement happens and crystals get into the semicircular canals, a mechanical disorder happens. The system will function incorrectly and the tilting motions of the said crystals will be interpreted as intense dizziness.

Why Dizziness Occurs? This is such a BIG win for me! Jim Ritchey The system in our brain works like a computer system which is enabled through sensors and wires. It works like the mouse and the keyword, the sensors, from which information is transmitted through the wires of the system and is interpreted in the central processing unit, the brain. One gets dizzy when there is problem with the sensors and it is more likely that one will lose balance when processing of information and interpretation thereof is not carried well to the brain. When the brain fails to interpret what is being sent to it, it will send back wrong information to other parts of the body which perform important functions.

My vertigo has not returned since I did this maneuver. Carla Lokelani Forrest When one has vertigo, he experiences this incredible spinning sensation. It is like he’s riding in a merry-go-round, only this time that the feeling isn’t merry but very disabling. This vertigo is mostly experience while in bed. Those afflicted get a sudden spinning of his environment for several seconds. It often recurs from time to time especially when one tries to sit up, lie down or roll over in bed.

Balance is sometimes affected while others experience severe dizziness and vomiting. How Can This Be Stopped?

It only took two tries for me and yes it worked like magic! Mark Williams Many people with vertigo get the assistance of trained health care specialists. These specialists perform therapeutic maneuvers on them to roll crystals out from the semicircular canals of the ear. The positional spells usually leave after a few hours but others stay there for a very long time. This causes one to experience dizzy spells over and over. Others try to make movements to drive crystals away and DIY methods are usually taken as home exercises and half somersault maneuver is just one of the few effective home exercises for vertigo. Foster, MD and Her Half Somersault Maneuver This worked 100% for me and I highly recommend you give this a try.

Karin Simms Carol A. Foster, MD is an Associate Professor and currently the Director of the Balance Laboratory, University of Colorado Hospital. She had her MD at University of California San Diego School of Medicine, San Diego, CA.

Doctor Foster is has been afflicted with vertigo herself. She had Meniere’s disease, a condition of the inner ear which makes her experience bouts of vicious dizziness and nausea. This happens almost every day and it lasts for a couple of hours most of the time. She had a surgery to cut the nerve in the ear which triggers her vertigo. The surgery solved the problem until 14 years later when she started to feel intense spinning again and that it has gotten worse than her vertigo before.

It was the turning point of her life and this is one of the reasons why she decided to fight the condition and finally had this medical breakthrough. Carol Foster for sharing this maneuver with us 'at no charge'.

Jeff Jeff The Half Somersault Maneuver she devised intends to roll out the particles from the posterior/inferior semicircular canal. This maneuver must be performed well and the process differs when one treats vertigo in his right or left ear. It should be followed as instructed in the Half Somersault Maneuver Video Here to make sure that the crystals are not going to fall on the horizontal/lateral semicircular canal because this may lead to horizontal spinning (horizontal canal BPPV )which would indicate complication and will only require a different kind of maneuver. The process should be strictly followed and a test known as “Dix-Hallpike test” must be had to find out whether it is the right or left ear which is affected. Under this test, one must put an ear down with the ear being turned 45 degrees to the right and when it is in this position that severe spell dizziness is felt then the problem is with the right ear.

The half somersault, Epley, and the Semont maneuvers have been proven very effective home exercises in removing crystals from the semicircular canals. It is important to space the time between maneuvers so as to reduce the risk of horizontal canal BPPV. In case the crystals get into the horizontal canal when doing the maneuver, the said particles can be effectively removed using the so called Gufoni maneuver. This maneuver is usually performed with the assistance of health care workers.

For the purposes of discussion, Gufoni is performed by sitting up after performing the Dix Hallpike and then reclining on to the opposite side of the ear affected by vertigo and the rotating slowly the head to have it face the bed. The half somersault does not require more significant movements such as standing up from one figure to another. A patient can just assume the initial half somersault position, put their head upside down like they are doing a somersault, wait for a few seconds for the dizziness to subside and then raise the head at back level. They will then wait for dizziness to subside and get back again to their sitting position. The only impediment we see with half somersault is that they cannot be applied with people who have impaired flexibility like people with knee, back or neck injuries and with people whose weight are huge enough to perform the bending. But when one does not have these health issues, he can very well do these maneuvers in treating their Benign Paroxysmal Positional Vertigo or BPPV in a form of home exercises.

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