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. ' Released: September 18, 2008. ' Released: November 4, 2008. ' Released: March 10, 2009. ' Released: March 24, 2009 808s & Heartbreak is the fourth by American producer and vocalist.

1. 808s & Heartbreak Kanye West

It was released on November 24, 2008,. West recorded the album during September and October 2008 at Glenwood Studios in and Avex Recording Studio in, with the help of producers, and others.

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Conceived in the wake of several distressing personal events, 808s & Heartbreak marked a major musical departure from West's previous records, instead featuring a sparse, sound and West singing through an vocal processor. His lyrics explore themes of loss, alienated fame, and heartache, while the album's production abandons conventional hip hop sounds in favor of a sonic palette, which includes prominent use of the titular drum machine.

808s & Heartbreak debuted at number one on the, selling 450,145 copies in its first week. Despite varying responses from listeners, the album received positive reviews from most critics and was named one of 2008's best records in several year-end lists.

Four singles were released to promote the record, including the hit singles ' and '. 808s & Heartbreak has since been cited as a prominent influence on subsequent hip hop, and music, as a new wave of rappers, singers, and producers came to adopt aspects of its style and thematic content.

By 2013, it had sold 1.7 million copies in the United States. West (center) working on the album with his former mentor, producer (left). The album was recorded over a span of approximately three weeks from September to October 2008. Recording sessions took place at Glenwood Studios in and at Avex Recording Studio in.

As implied by its title, 808s & Heartbreak prominently features the drum machine. Drawing inspiration from 1980s and performers such as, and, West felt that the 808 is a resourceful instrument that can be used to evoke emotion; the concept was introduced to him. West utilized the sounds created by the 808 and manipulated its to produce a distorted, electronic sound, an effect he referred to as 'heartbreak'. He felt the characteristic of the sound was representative of his state of mind. According to West, the fact that Hawaii's area code was '808' was coincidental, as he had already developed the album's title before being informed. The realization inspired him to pursue his direction with the album, however.

In terms of musical direction, West's intentions, according to, were to go against the typical sound of hip hop beat, instead evoking the presence of tribal drums. Overall, West maintained a ' but functional' approach towards the album's studio production. The, the titular which served as a primary instrument on 808s & Heartbreak. The album makes prominent use of the voice audio processor technology of.

West had previously experimented with the technology on for the background vocals of ' and 'Never Let Me Down', but he had not used it for lead vocals until 2008. 'We were working on the remixes for 's ' and 's ' and he fell in love with the Auto-Tune', producer Mike Dean explained. Towards the end, West enlisted for coaching on how to utilize the technology. West himself openly stated that he loved using Auto-Tune and was dismayed that the term has been commonly associated with being 'wack'. He considers the technology 'the funnest thing to use' and compared the situation to when he was a child and thought the color pink was cool until someone told him 'it was gay', producing an analogy of how the views of society can rob people of their confidence and self-esteem. He later went on to state that he enjoyed the electronic feel produced by Auto-Tune and sought out to juxtapose the mechanical sounds with the traditional sounds of and.

Rapper, who had signed onto West's label, contributed to two of the album's songs. Young Jeezy contributed a rap verse on the track 'Amazing' while ' is a duet with Lil Wayne. Singer-songwriter provided the few female vocals found on the album; credited under birth name Jenny-Bea Englishman, she co-wrote three tracks.

When 'RoboCop' appeared on the Internet, West disclaimed responsibility and was upset that the leak had occurred as the track was an unfinished version. Mike Dean had previously stated that the track was expected to receive additional treatment by before the album's release. Music and lyrics. 'Heartless' features a cold, detached aesthetic. Problems playing these files? 808s & Heartbreak is a radical departure from West's previous albums.

According to writer Kirk Walker Graves, 808s & Heartbreak is an album. Magazine called it an 'introspective, synthpop album,' while The 405 described it as West's ' record.' According to, West abandoned his customary hip hop sound in favor of sparse, drum machine-based electropop. 's Scott Plagenhoef also categorized the album as 'an introspective, minimal electro-pop record', but added that it is 'steeped in regret, pain, and even more self-examination than a typical Kanye West album'. Music writer called it a 'slow, sad-ass and self-involved.

Album' and analyzed that West's choice to 'robotize as well as pitch-correct his voice both undercuts his self-importance and adds physical reality to tales of alienated fame that might otherwise be pure pity parties'. Christgau asserted that its final track 'Pinocchio Story' is 'the only track here about what's really bringing West down: not the loss of his girlfriend but the death of his mother, during cosmetic surgery that somewhere not too deep down he's sure traces all too directly to his alienated fame.' Andre Grant of wrote that 'to combat this trenchant melancholia, he poured himself into an all-autotunes album' which would prove divisive in hip hop. West's singing has been characterized as ' and 'nearly unmelodic' which 'underscores his own detachment.' Canadian writer viewed that West used 'the shallow musical gimmickry of Auto-Tune, a program designed to eliminate individuality, and produced a hauntingly personal album.' The music of 808s & Heartbreak draws heavily on electronic elements, particularly, the Roland TR-808 drum machine, and explicitly auto-tuned vocal tracks.

Tracks on the album utilize drum machine and synth-bass parts. Step input sequencing, a product of vintage analogue devices limited to recording only 16 individual, was popular in music production during the 1980s, but also became available in.

The album's music features austere production and elements such as dense drums, lengthy, droning synths, and somber piano. Andy Kellman of writes of the music, 'Several tracks have almost as much in common with irrefutably bleak albums, such as 's and 's, as contemporary rap and R&B.' These musical elements help convey moods of despair and dejection that reflect the album's subject matter. Columnist Trist McCall wrote that the record 'stripped modern art-pop down to its iconic rudiments — beats, charismatic personalities, hand-selected melodies, and computer-assisted vocals.' Most of the lyrics are directed at an ex-lover; West refers to her treatment of him as 'the coldest story ever told' on ', and on 'RoboCop', she is called a ' little L.A. Girl' and is compared to the in the 1990 film. On 'Welcome to Heartbreak', West's character faces an as he dispassionately recounts sitting alone on a flight, with a laughing family seated ahead of him.

He longs for his late mother on the album's penultimate track 'Coldest Winter', which the desolate 1983 song 'Memories Fade'. Artwork The artwork for 808s & Heartbreak followed the minimalist style of the album. The cover art features a deflated heart-shaped balloon. It was photographed by Kristen Yiengst and designed by and Willo Perron, and the deluxe edition's artwork was made.

The album's artwork also include photographs of West, taken by Willy Vanderperre, and a photograph of West kissing his mother on the cheek, taken. In 2013, named it the best rap album cover of the past five years.

Release and promotion On September 24, West announced that he had finished the album and would be releasing it sometime in November. In his blog post, he wrote 'I changed my album to November something cause I finished the album and I felt like it.I want y'all to hear it as soon as possible'.

West later stated that the album would be released on November 25, 2008. However, the distributing label, brought the date forward by one day to capitalize on weekend.

808s & Heartbreak was also released on November 24, 2008 in the United Kingdom and the Philippines. A limited edition in a digipak case was first released in Germany on November 21, 2008. A special edition of the album was released on December 16 that contains the album in CD and dual format, and also features album artwork redone by the artist of the original cover, Kaws. West performed at the leading up to the album's release. On October 16, West released an excerpt of 'Coldest Winter' on the radio station in Los Angeles. The track recreates elements of the song 'Memories Fade' by the band.

The song 'Paranoid' later leaked onto the Internet and features in the chorus. A remixed version of 'Paranoid' was reported to feature pop singer, but did not materialize.

Also appearing prior to the release date were 'Amazing' featuring Young Jeezy, 'See You in My Nightmares' featuring Lil Wayne, 'Street Lights', 'Say You Will', 'Welcome to Heartbreak' and 'Bad News'. An additional track, 'Pinocchio Story' is a freestyle recorded at a live concert in Singapore. It was included in the album at the request of. On October 14, West, in collaboration with Italian artist, hosted a promotional album listening event at Ace Gallery. Over 700 guests were invited to preview the entirety of 808s & Heartbreak.

Under Beecroft's guidance, the event featured approximately forty nude women wearing nothing besides wool masks who silently stood in the center of the room. The women were illuminated by multicolored lights that would change as the music progressed. When it came time for him to speak, West stated that he'd been a fan of Beecroft's work and strong imagery, saying that he liked the idea of nudity because 'society told us to wear clothes at a certain point'. Beecroft had been contacted a month prior and conceptualized and generated the installation in a week.

Beecroft admitted that while he had caught her offguard, she had the opportunity to hear the album for herself and heard things that touched her own life. Five days later, promotional photos for the album by photographer Willy Vanderperre were released.

The images portrayed West wearing a grey suit, large, and a heart-shaped pin. In October 2009, West was scheduled to embark on a tour, tour, in promotion of, and West's 808s & Heartbreak.

It was canceled on October 1, 2009, without reason. Several songs from the album were performed by West during his live performance, such as 'Heartless', 'Amazing' and 'Say You Will.' In the interim, director directed two additional promotional videos for the album. ', which featured an artistic use of liberal, was released in June 2009.

A remixed version of 'Coldest Winter' was released in February 2010. This video featured a woman in a wedding gown running away from a cult group through a moonlit forest. Critical reception Professional ratings Aggregate scores Source Rating 7.3/10 75/100 Review scores Source Rating B A− A− 7.6/10 808s & Heartbreak received generally positive reviews from critics. At, which assigns a rating out of 100 to reviews from mainstream publications, the album received an score of 75, based on 36 reviews.

Chris Richards from called it 'an masterpiece', while critic Steve Jones said 'West deftly uses the 808 drum machine and Auto-Tune vocal effect to channel his feelings of hurt, anger and doubt through his well-crafted lyrics'. Dan Cairns from stated, 'This so should not work.Yet 808s & Heartbreak is a triumph, recklessly departing from the commercially copper-bottomed script and venturing far beyond West’s comfort zone.' 's commended West's incorporation of the Roland TR-808 drum machine and described the album as 'Kanye's would-be or, a mournful song-suite that swings violently between self-pity and self-loathing'. In the, called it West's 'most radical yet' and said while West's fans may be disappointed, 'this one is for him.

It remains to be seen if he goes back to making records for everybody else. For now, this is one fascinatingly perverse detour.' Critic Dave Heaton was impressed by West's 'song and album construction, and with the way he captures a particular feeling through unusual, evocative, carefully crafted music that’s both simple and complex, cold and warm, mechanical and human, melodic and harsh'.

Writing for, found it 'brilliant' with a unique 'dark sound' and 'engaging tunes', despite a second-half drop-off, and praised West's use of Auto-Tune, which he felt 'both undercuts his self-importance and adds physical reality to tales of alienated fame that might otherwise be pure pity parties'. In a less enthusiastic review, found West's 'immersion in personal misery' uncomfortable and commented that the 'stylistic tropes quickly become irritating'. Editor Andy Kellman stated 'no matter its commendable fearlessness, the album is a listless, bleary trudge along West's permafrost'. From criticized the songs' musical structures, calling the album 'a long processional that starts and restarts and never reaches the ceremony'.

's Wilson McBee panned West's singing, while Jon Caramanica from singled it out as the 'weakness for which this album will ultimately be remembered, some solid songs notwithstanding.' Caramanica wrote that, 'at best, it is a rough sketch for a great album, with ideas he would have typically rendered with complexity, here distilled to a few words, a few synthesizer notes, a lean drumbeat. At worst, it’s clumsy and underfed, a reminder that all of that ornamentation served a purpose'. Writer stated, 'If West had interspersed the more mechanical tracks with some that were the exact opposite—say, simple piano interludes provided by his old collaborators or —he might have made a masterpiece. Instead, he's merely given us an extremely intriguing, sporadically gripping, undeniably fearless and altogether unexpected piece of his troubled soul.' Accolades 808s & Heartbreak was voted the tenth best album of 2008 in the, an annual poll of prominent American critics. The album was also named one of the ten best albums of 2008 by a number of publications, including the (number four), (number seven), (number four), The Observer (number eight), Vibe (no order) and (number six).

Pitchfork named 808s & Heartbreak the twenty-first best album of 2008. Dan Leroy of cited it as one of the top ten hip hop albums of the year. Named it the top album of 2008. Chicago Sun-Times writer Jim DeRogatis included the album on his list of the year's ten best albums and wrote, 'With every listen, the poignancy of these personal tales of loss grows deeper, perfectly matched by the cold, lonely, robotic but nevertheless winning grooves that accompany them. Upon further reflection, it is a brave and daring 4-star effort that deserves to be heard by any fan of adventurous pop music.' Featured the album on its list of the Best and Worst Albums of 2008.

The magazine's writer Colin St. John cited 808s & Heartbreak as one of the worst of 2008, and editor Steve Smith named it third on his best-of list, while calling the album 'the year's most misunderstood triumph.' Despite its accolades, 808s & Heartbreak was largely overlooked as a contender for the. According to Vibe magazine editor-in-chief Jermaine Hall, West's at the and the ensuing backlash against West 'probably hurt him', but perceived West's stylistic change on the album as the primary reason for it not being nominated. West received one solo nomination, for 'Amazing', and five other nominations for his guest appearances and collaborational work. Nonetheless 808s & Heartbreak received nominations at various other award ceremonies, including at 40th annual, Best Album at the 2009 as well as Album of the Year at the And would go on to Best Album at the 2009.

In 2009, Rolling Stone ranked it number 63 on its list of the 100 Best Album of the Decade, then in 2014 they named it one of the 40 most groundbreaking albums of all time, in which it was only one of two albums to be released in the 21st century. Named it the decade's 81st best record. On similar lists, Slant Magazine and PopMatters ranked it 124th and 42nd, respectively. Commercial performance In its first week of sales, 808s & Heartbreak reached the number one spot on, selling 450,145 units in its first week. In the last week of the year, 808s & Heartbreak sold 165,100 copies, jumping from the eleventh spot back up to the number five on the Billboard 200. The album moved up again the following week, selling 70,900 units and landing at number three. On January 27, 2009, 808s & Heartbreak was certified by the, serving as West's fourth album to ship one million copies in the United States.

As of June 14, 2013, it has sold 1.7 million copies in the US, according to. Despite the debate and uncertainty surrounding the album's conception, its preceding singles demonstrated outstanding chart performances. Upon its release, the lead single ' debuted at number three on the and became a 'Hot Shot Debut'. It is the highest debut of West's career, the second highest debut on the Hot 100 that year and the tenth song of the millennium to debut in the top three. Grossing over 1.3 million copies at the alone, the single was certified platinum by the RIAA by the end of the year.

On August 18, 2010, it was certified triple platinum by the RIAA, for shipments of three million units in the US. The single was also met by positive reviews from music critics, eventually culminating with being crowned 'Song of the Year'. The second single, ' performed similarly and became his second consecutive 'Hot Shot Debut' by debuting at number four on the Billboard Hot 100. It was certified double platinum by the RIAA, having shipped two million units in the US. Due in part to the momentum produced by the album's release, certain tracks were met by chart success despite not actually being released as singles. The tenth track ' became yet another 'Hot Shot Debut,' peaking at number twenty-one in the US and at number twenty-two in Canada while the fourth track 'Amazing' charted at 81 on the Hot 100.

Following suit, 'Welcome to Heartbreak' peaked at number eighty-seven on the. Public reaction. ” — Jermaine Hall, editor in chief Before its release, reaction to 808s & Heartbreak was mixed, ranging from anticipation to bewilderment and indifference to the album's concept. Upon the unveiling of the lead single 'Love Lockdown' at the 2008, music audiences were taken aback by the uncharacteristic production style and the presence of. The negative feedback intensified when West revealed that the entire album would be primarily sung with Auto-Tune rather than rapped and would focus on themes of love and heartache.

Numerous hip hop fans and certain rappers mocked West for becoming 'sappy' while others deemed the upcoming LP as a throwaway experimental album. Comparisons were drawn to, an album recorded by West's labelmate and close friend. MTV eventually interviewed Common to share his thoughts and views on the artistic direction of the album. Common expressed both his understanding and his support for West's intentions, stating 'I love it. I'mma tell you, as an artist, you wanna be free. I'mma do what I feel.

You can't just cater to the audience. You gotta say, 'Hey, y'all, this is where I'm at.' For him to do an album called 808s and Heartbreak, you know that's where he is at this moment. I heard some songs, and I think it's fresh. I think the people are ready for it.'

West received similar approval from Lil Wayne and Young Jeezy, both of whom contributed to the album. During an interview, when asked what music today inspires him, Wayne stated 'everybody's doing their thing, but they're not exciting. Everybody is doing the same thing.

That's terrible. Do I love the music that's out right now? I love it with a passion. Does it motivate me? That's because 808s & Heartbreak isn't out yet.'

Despite the approval from the rap superstars, as well as the record-breaking chart performances of the first two singles, hip hop audiences remained indifferent towards the album, predicting it would flop. Responding to reviews, West stated that he didn't care about sales or getting good ratings, saying that it came from the heart and that's all that matters to him. When asked about the current state of hip hop, West compared it to a high school, stating that hip hop used to be all about being fearless and standing out, and that now it is about being afraid and fitting in.

Was an admirer of the album, with his daughter saying he played it for her 'all the time'. Legacy and influence.

808s & Heartbreak Kanye West

Was part of the wave of rappers whose music was shaped by the album. Although West designed it as a melancholic pop album, 808s & Heartbreak had a significant effect on hip hop music. While his decision to sing about love, loneliness, and heartache for the entirety of the album was at first heavily criticized by music audiences and the album predicted to be a flop, its subsequent critical acclaim and commercial success encouraged other mainstream rappers to take greater creative risks with their music. During the release of, New York rap mogul revealed that his next studio album would be an experimental effort, stating, '. It's not gonna be a #1 album. That's where I'm at right now.

I wanna make the most experimental album I ever made.' Jay-Z elaborated that like West, he was unsatisfied with contemporary hip hop, was being inspired by indie-rockers like and asserted his belief that the indie rock movement would play an important role in the continued evolution of hip hop. ” —, 2013 The album impacted hip hop stylistically and laid the groundwork for a new wave of hip hop artists who generally eschewed typical rap braggadocio for intimate subject matter and introspection, including, and. Jake Paine of dubbed the album as 'our ', noting West's effect on hip hop with 808s & Heartbreak as 'a sound, no different than the way 's synthesizer challenged the of the early '90s.' Described the record as an ' masterpiece which broke the shackles of generations of one-upmanship in hip hop.' Journalist Matthew Trammell asserted that the record was ahead of its time and wrote in a 2012 article, 'Now that popular music has finally caught up to it, 808s & Heartbreak has revealed itself to be Kanye’s most vulnerable work, and perhaps his most brilliant.'

According to, 808s & Heartbreak initiated the 'wave of inward-looking sensitivity' and '-inspired rappers during the late 2000s: 'It presaged everything from the introspective hip-hop of Kid Cudi's (2009) to the wispy crooning, plush keyboards and light mechanical beats of 's and British balladeer.' Credited it with shaping subsequent developments in ' or electropop or whatever you want to call it': ' 808s' is flooded with and it digitizes the raw emotion and isolated feelings that James Blake and The Weeknd have carved their brands out of today.' Linsey from wrote that the album's 'naked humanity. Practically set off the emo-rap/r&b boom that everyone from Drake to Frank Ocean to The Weeknd now traffic in.' Marcus Scott of said rappers such as B.o.B, Drake, and Kid Cudi followed West's album with similarly-minded works, citing West's introspective, emotional themes and synthpop/'-inspired' music as influences.

In the opinion of Billboard senior editor Alex Gale, the album was 'the equivalent of, and you still hear that all the time, in hip-hop and outside of hip-hop.' Drake's 2009 mixtape received comparisons from critics to 808s & Heartbreak. Todd Martens of the cited 808s & Heartbreak as 'the template. for essentially the entirety of Drake's young career', and that wrote that he 'shares West's love for mood and never-ending existential analysis'. In a 2009 interview, Drake cited West as 'the most influential person' in shaping his own sound. In 2014, Rolling Stone named 808s & Heartbreak one of the 40 most groundbreaking albums of all time. On September 26, 2015, West performed the album in its entirety at the in Los Angeles.

Track listing Songwriting credits, production credits, and notes for tracks 1–11 adapted from the liner notes of 808s & Heartbreak. Songwriting credits for track 12 adapted from. Title Writer(s) Producer(s) Length 1. 'Say You Will'. West.

No I.D. Bhasker 2:44 12. 'Pinocchio Story (Freestyle Live from Singapore)' West 6:01 Total length: 51:58 Notes. signifies a co-producer. 'Welcome to Heartbreak' contains background vocals by. 'Amazing' contains background vocals by and.

'RoboCop' contains background vocals by Tony Williams and Jeff Bhasker. 'Street Lights' contains background vocals by and Tony Williams Sample credits. 'Heartless' contains uncredited interpolations of 'Ammonia Avenue', as performed. 'RoboCop' embodies portions of ', written by Doyle. 'Bad News' contains a sample of the recording ' as performed by and written by Bass. 'Coldest Winter' embodies an interpolation of 'Memories Fade', written by Orzabal.

Personnel Musicians.